What disease is characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells?

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. This process often leads to the formation of tumors, which can invade nearby tissues and organs and may also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Unlike other diseases listed, cancer is specifically defined by its cellular behavior – it disrupts normal cell cycle regulation, which can result in a mass of malignant cells that can interfere with the body's healthy functioning. The other options, such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma, are chronic conditions primarily affecting the body's metabolic processes, blood pressure regulation, and respiratory health respectively, rather than involving abnormal cellular growth. Understanding the nature of cancer is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and research in oncology.