What physiological change is most associated with regular resistance training?

Regular resistance training is most closely associated with increased bone density. This physiological change occurs because resistance exercises, such as weight lifting, exert mechanical stress on bones. To adapt to this stress, the body stimulates bone remodeling processes that lead to increased mineral density and overall bone strength. This change is particularly important for preventing osteoporosis and other bone-related issues, especially in populations at higher risk, such as older adults.

In contrast, while resistance training can contribute to flexibility, it is not primarily aimed at improving flexibility compared to dedicated stretching or flexibility exercises. Decreased metabolism is typically not a result of resistance training; rather, resistance training often increases metabolic rate due to gaining muscle mass, which requires more energy at rest. Lastly, while resistance training can aid in weight loss, it does not directly correlate with weight loss as a guaranteed outcome, since diet and cardiovascular activities also play significant roles in overall weight management.